ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილი - ეთნოგრაფი, ეპიგრაფიკოსი და ნუმიზმატი

 ,,saqarTvelos meWurWleTuxucesi” – ase uwoda madlierma STamomavlobam eqvTime TayaiSvils da marTlac, rodesac aRfrTovanebiT vsaubrobT Cveni qveynis muzeumebSi dacul erovnul saunjeze, bevrma ar icis, rom es swored misi damsaxurebaa.

eTnografi

  eqvTime TayaiSvilis TaosnobiT daarsebuli saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio wesdeba damtkicda 1907 wlis 30 ivniss.pirveli kreba ama wlis 20 seqtembers Sedga.~Zvel saqarTveloSi` ibeWdeboda gamokvlevebi da `yovelgvari masala saqarTvelos eTnografiisa da warsulis Sesaxeb~.

  eTnigrafias e.TayaiSvili Tvlida saqarTvelos mesame wyarod. radgan aq aRwerili iyo ~eTnografiuli monacemebi : dabadebasTan , qorwinebasTan , mosavlis moyvanasTan , gardacvaleba-datirebasTan Tu adamianis cxovrebis sxva mxareebTan dakavSirebuli ritualebi da qcevis wesebi , dReoba-dResaswaulebi , saadaTo samarTlis normebi da a.S.

  eTnografiuli masala-wers igi-gvxvdeba qarTlisa da wmindaTa cxovrebaSi , arCilianSi , vaxuStis istoriasa da geografiaSi da sxvaganac.kalmasoba xom uSreti wyaroa eTnografiisa.TviTon eqvTime krebda gadmocemebs , legendebs , sityvier masalebs …... eqvTime TayaiSvili sxvaTa naSromebSi amCnevda uzustobebs da akeTebda SeniSvnebs maTze.magaliTad ,igi uzustobas amCnevs kalandaZis mier guriaSi Cawerili zRapris teqstSi : cxemlisWera saRamos ~rom daRamda , jer aguna gadaiZaxen~.eqvTime SeniSnavs : `agunas gadaZaxeba guriaSi axali wlis wina games ki ara , axaliwlis saRamos ician.wavlen maranze , Roris Tavs waiReben , sawnaxelze najaxis yuiT arakuneben da Semdeg sityvebs yviriliT amboben :

                 `aguna , aguna ! gadmoiare ,

                 baxvi  da  askana Camoiare!..

                 Cvens  mamulSi yurZeni ,

                 sxvis mamulSi furceli ,

                 Cvens qalebs yaWvi da abreSumi ,

                 sxvis qalebs tari da kvirisTavi!~..

eqvTime bganagrZobs  : ~sxvadasxava soflebSi sxvadasxvanairad ician gadaZaxeba da sityvebic sxvadasxvanairia.magaliTad , sityvebis magier `baxvi da askana Camoiare~ ityvian `baxuas kari Cameiare~ da sxva.aguna aris yurZnis RmerTi, romaelebis `baxusi~ , berZnebis `dionisi~ .?.eqvTimes ekuTvnis sakalando sufris aRwerac.am dRes `yovelgvari kerZi unda mdgariyo magidaze , rom momaval welsac uxvad eZlia sanovage.man aseve aRwera miminoTi mwyeraobac , rogorc mas eqvTime zustad aRwers , Rajo maxiT an badiT daWeriT iwyeba. Semdeg es frinveli SerCeul kvebas saWiroebs.saamiso kalia samgvaria: Savi , TeTri-e.w gaiZvera kkalia da mwvane-e.w irema kalia.Sepyrobil Cits fexze kedis Zafs abamdnen , mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi wvrTnidnen – aswavlidnen joxze jdomasa da xorcis gadaylapvas.bolos aseT RaJos svamdnen specialur sam joxze gamarTul Citbadeze.momino rom mas dainaxavda , daafrindeboda zemodan , joxebi Caikeceboda da frinveli badeSi exveoda.

  es umTavresad xdeboda qormariobis dawyebisas , roca qorebi gund-gundad dafrinavdenen Tbil qveyanaSi gadafrenis win , agvistos bolos.mTis mwvervalze an titvel qedze , romelsac  zemodan qor-miminoebi datrialebdnen , rogorc ityvian –iraobdnen , monadire Cajdeboda buCqebSi foTlebiani CqolaTi an totebiT gamarTul karavSi da RaJos afeTqebda ; am Cits mtacebeli frinveli mohkravda Tvals , mas daecemoda , monadire ki mtacebels CitbadeSi axvevda.damWeri scnobda , romeli iyo mimino , java , qori , cudqora , Savardeni , TvalSavi , marjani , forRuli da sxva.miminos itovebda , sxvas klavda an samadlod uSvebda.miminos moSinaurebac icodnen , miminos moSinaureba misi SekvriT iwyeboda.pirvel dReebSi mas RamiT ar aZinebdnen , iCvevdnen da ZaRlTanac aCvevdnen ; Semdeg eJvanebs abamdnen fexebze ; jer Zafmibmul mofarTxale mwyerze miuSvebdnen , mas aWerinebdnen da aseTi gawafulii miminoTi gadiodnen samwyeraoT.karg miminos gaazamTrebdnen kidec ; mas ukve kapueti erqva da amisTana miminoSi-ixsenebs  eqvTime ,-kargi bedauric cxenic ki miuciaT.?.

   e.TayaiSvilma vaJa fSavela fSavSi miavlina , romelmac gvianderZa eTnografiuli naSromi `fSaveli da misi wuTi sofeli~ , rasac TayaiSvilis gegma proeqtis Tanaxmad darTuli aqvs fSauri simRerebi da andazebi.agreTve niko ComakiZes aRawerina Tavisufali svaneTi.

   eTnografiuli masalis Sesakrebad TayaiSvilma sxvadasxva kuTxeSi dagzavna sagangebod SerCeuli pirebi.mis sazogadoebas miznad hqonda dasaxuli saqarTvelos warsulisa da awmyos Seswavla.TayaiSvilma mis sazogadoebas miaRebina yofili TavadaznaurTa Tbilisis sadebutato sakrebulos arqivi.

epigrafikosi

  ` e.TayaiSvili aris ZvelqarTuli warwerebis Cinebuli wamkiTxveli~.werda niko mari.istoria-filologiis garda , yvelaze meti dro da energia eqvTimem miwiszeda arqeologiasa da warwerebis Segroveba-wakiTxva-Seswavlas moaxmara.amotom grigoliam dawera gamokvleva `eqvTime TayaiSvili da qarTuli epigrafika~.is qvaze da liTonze amokveTil warwerebs Tanabari warmatebiT kiTxulobda rac ar unda rTulad Sesrulebuli yofiliyo warwera.eqvTime warweras Zeglis istoriaSi kiTxulobda , mas swamda , rom , zogjer warweris erT sityvas ufro meti ram SeeZlo eTqva warsulis Sesaxeb , vidre sxva romelime wyaris.eqvTime TayaiSvilma  gamosca wigni , romelsac aweria : `Zma niko mars e.TaysaiSvili~.am seriis pirvel wignSi arqeologiuradaa aRwerili soflebi imereTisa , guriisa , qarTlisa da kaxeTis.mogzaurobaTa aseTive II wigni , romelic 1914 wels gamoica , moicavs TayaiSvilis 1913 wlis zafxulis samegreloSi mogzaurobis Sedegebs.
                                      სალომე მამასახლისი

                         numizmati

    istoriis damxmare mecniereba numizmatika , romelic swavlobs  Zvel liTonis fulebsa da medlebs , TiTqmis yovel istorikoss ainteresebs , magram umravlesoba mainc numizmatTa naSromebiT ifargleba.e.TayaiSvilis yuradReba monetebisami gacilebiT metia , vidre sxvaTa monapovarTa da mosazrebaTa gamoyeneba.igi TviTon agrovebda saqarTveloSi RmoCenil qarTulsa da ucxour monetebs , swavlobda maT , iZleoda  TavdaWeril , Tumca swor daxasiaTebas , miuTiTebda ama Tu im monetis arealze da a.S.

     Cveni tomebis istoriul sacxovrebel farTo teritoriaze da Semdegdroindel saqarTvelos farglebSi , adgilobriv Zv.w.VI-II saukuneTa `kolxur TeTrsa~ da sxva fulebs garda , calkeuli ufro adrindeli da Semdegdroindeli bevri ucxouri monetac gvxvdeba , rac mowmobs Cveni winaprebis mezobelsa da Soreul xalxebTan urTierTobas.

     ucxour monetaTagan SedarebiT ufro cnobilia Zv.w.aRIII-ax.w.aRIIIsaukuneTa `antikuri periodis~ monetebi , ax.w.VI-VIss. e.w qarTul-sasanuri draxmebi , VII-Xss. Tbilisur-arabuli draxmebi , XIs. qarTuli monetebi bizantiuri titulebiT , XIII-VIVss. qarTul-monRoluri da sxva monetebi.

     V-XIV saukuneebis saqarTveloSi bevri dasavluri da aRmosavluri moneta gvxvdeba.umravles maTgans ecnoboda eqvTime ara mxolod saqarTvelos , aramed kavkasiisa da bevri sxva muzeumis koleqciebSi.igi ikvlevda saerTod saqarTveloSi napovn ucxour monetebsac da amitomve ambobs eqvTime : `msof-lio koleqcia usazRvroa day vela saxelmwifoTa fulebis koleqciis Sedgenas , rasakvirvelia , ver gamovudgebiT~.

     qarTuli fulebis Seswavlis gardac , eqvTimem sonRula-SvilTan erTad Seadgina `saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis rusul-qarTuli fulebis koleqcia~.faseulia eqvTimes arqivSive daculi `sazom-sawoni da numizmatikis Sesaxeb SeniSvnebi~.eqvTimem erTma pirvelTaganma aRniSna , rom saqarTveloSi `fuylis aRsaniSnav zogad terminad ixmareboda safase~.

      n.marma icoda istoriis damxmare dargebSi misi megobris damsaxureba da amitom dawera : `e.TayaiSvili aris saqarTvelos istoriis cnobili wyaroTmcodne da gaweuli aqvs mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba amave wyaroebis Teoriuli damuSavebisaTvis~.

                                                                                         თამარ აბუაშვილი